Open sources

Resistance tactics is opposite to the strategies of Prince. With advance of huge authority, people resist that authority. that is virus-open-source. The example of electronic disturbance is virus, trojan horse, worm, bomb, back door.

virus is craker program. virus disturb working program.
trojan horse's purpose is punching protection wall. trojan deceive itself as hamless.

manager uses master key for enter back door system. hacker is person who look for that hole.
robert tappan morris first person that made virus. He is professor of MIT.

Open-source think that everyone use software for free. If all software is not free, everyone don't use software. They develop program together. That system is very simple and has stability.
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Public & Privacy

Surveillance is close watch kept over someone or something.

L-1 IDENTITY program definite person for eyes, face, finger print. That program is developing identity program.

Slow life is lessing on architecture. That is not real architecture

RO=read only , directly new creative product
commercial economy
free is a technique, volunteers is not exist.
chump
everyrhing is free

RW = read & write
not commercial economy
amateurs
not for money
sharing economy
how they make money?

Data mining
1) descriptive : clean
2) predictive : to do in advance
find one thing
regression : known variable to an unknown

classification : given a set of categories and a datum,

sequential patters is given a set of series, determine which things often occur before others.
technologies and architecture do not independently determine what is public and what is private. (technrological dterminism)

Inefficient architectures, inefficient technologie is powerful system. Inefficiency is difficult to explane slow because of various opinions. They transfer topic to human.

Human

Human organ's substitution is glass(our eyes), clothes(our skin), pinset(our hands)....

We are not free from this substitutions. Because we use every substitution of our body.

cyborg is not real human or machine. we can't divide between human and cyborg. cyborg is not human, not machine.

all human is not same. Human have many things differently.

Ghost in the shell - In this story, she is in pain because she is also confused by the fact she is neither human nor machine.

Machine artificial organs are replacement of lost organs like a legs, arms. Many human lost their organs by accident. so they get new electronic arms.

computer game

The needed to make game are graphics, physics, A.I.....

'MOD' is modification. It is used in fps games, rpg games... These are tool of items, characters...

The needed to program source of a game are physics and A.I.

First computer game is basic ping pong game. In 1980s, Atari and NES appeared. and many arcade video game rooms are made in 1980s.

Two issues to consider for games from film theory are identification, space. a player have character's identification in game while playing. space can be different from out common sens and real world.

A game does as mirrors, drugs, contests, and metaphysical machines.

Computer -aid

CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work). That is a field of research and design. Researchers in this field investigate how people work together in groups, and design computer-systems and networks to enable or facilitate group works. CSCW is considered to a part of a larger field known as CHI or HCI.

The architecture of cyberspace is considered the hardware and software that links together groups of people. (like HTTP, FTP, SMTP, NNTP...)
Panopticon similar designs adapted for hospitals and factories. In the 18th century prisons and hospitals known, in France, collectively as "environments of humanity."

Agre's "survelliance model" is visual metaphors. That is territorial metaphors as in the "invasion of private space.". That is centralized orchestration by means of a bureaucracy with a unified set of files.

Five stage cycle of grammars of action is analysis, articulation, imposition, instrumentation, elaboration.

The main users of computer-aid are architecturer, industrial designer, media artist....

human-computer interaction

History of HCI from a tools(people) : Vannevar Bush makes memex. J.C.R.Licklider makes computer networking, agents. Ivan Sutherland makes sketchpad. Doug Engelbark makes mouse, GUI, work processing, etc. Ted Nelson makes hypertext. Alan Kay makes ocject-oriented programming, laptops.

History of HCI as tools(system): Memex was made in 1945(concept). Sketchpad was made in 1963. WWW was made in 1994.
History of HCI as tools(funding)
Navy, Air Force, ARPA, DARPA, MIT, Stanford, CMU, UC, National Science Foundation, Xeroc PARC, Apple - NeXT.

Ethnomethodology simply means the study of the ways in which people means sense of their social world. This is a fairly recent sociaological perspective, founded by the American sociologist Harold Garfinkel in the early 1960s. The main ideas behind it are set out in his book "Studies in Ethnomethodology." Ethnomethodology differs from other sociological perspectives in one very important respect.

artificial intelligence summary

Alan Turing is founder of computer science, artificial intelligence, mathematician, philosopher, codebreaker. His major was ligic, algebra, number theoryHe invented the Turing machine, Ph.D. He is inventor of his "imitation game".

"Imitation game" is the game starting with the man, the woman and the interrogator. An object of game is to found real woman. The man's object is to try and cause the interrogator to make the wrong identification. Woman's identification is to help the interrogator.

Marvin Minsky is the first person having used the word "Artificial intelligence". He said that artifical intelligence is the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence as if done by humans in 1963.

GPS is the general problem solver, not global positioning system. It is a computer program for theorems proof, geometric problem and chess playing, but they have the 'frame problem'.

Talespin is the Metanovel whose use is writing stories by computer.

ELIZA is the computer program for the study of matural language communication between man and machine.

Social Network 요약

This week's topic is social networks.

Sociologist robert putnam claims that united states citizens no longer know or trust their neighbors since the second world war. That is, communities have lost their social capital. New media technologies reinforce social network's existence. And New media isolate people. New media technologies opposite social, political and economic relation ships.

Social networks as technology is email, news groups, and weblogs. In social networks as popular culture, members of an online community can affect the results of searches. Social networks as art is interesting. Each rescue is very complicated. And they connect each other beautifully. Because of this reason, they think as a art.

I heard about social network. Going over 5 bridge, we know everyone in the world.
Every person connect each other second hand. I surprise at this

WWW summary

WWW(World-wide web) is a collaboratively authored hypertext and vast, heterogeneous network of people and machines. WWW includes URI(uniform resource identifier), HTTP(hypertext transfer protocol), HTML(hypertext markup language). Because of development of WWW is necessity.

URI is adress which appears resource in internet. URI consists of protocol, scheme, urn. URL(ssu name), URN(persistent location : declare) are similar to URI . URI's existence is basic requisite. It is attached to internet protocol.

HTML is programming language that is used for making documents. It was developed to write out hypertext. It is used for font, color and shape of word, graphic, document movement. It used by framing homepage.

HTTP is an internet protocol designed for transferring information for hypertext documents. Network protocol is a set of rules used when computers send information across the network.
Tim berners-lee is senior research scientist, laboratory for computer science and software engineer. He is creator of WWW(world-wide web).


Tim berners-lee is creator of WWW(world-wide web). He is senior research scientist, laboratory for computer science and software engineer.

요약

This week topic is Hypertext. Hypertext's principal is similar to "cut-ups".

This is "Cup-ups". First, we cut off article, script and etc. we get together and put them in the box. After shaking box, pull out them(clipped article, script and etc.). We choose something and arrange in a row. Each words is not related. But sometimes they match with other words. In this way, we find new idea.

Hypertext is tool for convenient work. Hyper text connect each information directly. Each words have each scripts. That is connected. We operate easily, moving several information.

Hypertext's merit is this. we want some information. But that information sequence far from using information. In normal text, we found that information until that information appear. The other side, in hypertext, we go and come ofter between this information and that information. We use several information at the same time. Now hypertext is understood as new forms of writing, reading and thinking.

Engelbart is inventor of hypertext. He says "Man's population and gross product are increasing at a considerable rate, but the complexity of his problems grows still faster...". This is the motivation of inventing Hypertext and other product. He gets inspiration from Bush's treatise "As we may think.". And Engelbart infinite "augmenting human intellect = better&faster comprehension+better&faster&more solutions to problems".

This week my remembering subject is "cut-ups". In unconscious, we make creative product. It's very interesting. I learn relation of "cut-ups" and hypertext. For our convenience, technology more develop. As a result, hypertext is invented.

"As we may think" 요약

Vannevar Bush is MIT professor, an author of "As We May Think." and inventor of "MEMEX". This is a content of "As We May Think.". Bush's contributions are two. First, engineering achivement in building a rapid prototype microfilm selector. Second, article "As we may think"
Study delivery is as important as study result. human's experience is very full, but study result is very basic. So, many product is not invented.

"MEMEX" is a kind of study delivery. "MEMEX" is an imaginary personal information system. It's sophisticated microfilm reader. This is recording, communicating and keeping all kinds of book. It's speed is very fast. And treatment is very flexible. Also "MEMEX" is possible to associative indexing. All sort of "MEMEX" is directly assorted by user's assistant. Maybe new encyclopedia is born.

"Microfilm selectors" is popular storage medium for records in 1920s and 1930s. Photoelecric microfilm selector is pioneered by Emanuel Goldberg(he called a "statistical machine", by May 1927). Emanuel Goldberg is the first Managing Director of Zeiss Ikon and Professor. He contributed a remarkable and brilliant range of insights and inventions, mostly connected with photography. At that time, punched cards very slow. so microfilm selector is invented. microfilm is indicated index codes. Thanks to the index codes, the desired record is identified and appropriate action is triggered.

Like this("memex", "microfilm selectors"), science is very useful in convenience and speed. Thanks to the science development, we look for documents that we want quickly. For example, "MEMEX" is look for documents quickly. Of course, science always haven't merits. The other side, science is harmful(genocide, war...). In consequence, we look all aspect of things that use science. We use science to some extent. Science development not have to damage human's right.